The term "genetically modified" is applied only to products that have been genetically engineered, where genetic material (deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA) has been manipulated or where genes from one organism (animal, plant species or microorganism) have been transferred to the genetic material of another. With recombinant DNA technology, DNA molecules from different sources are combined in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. This DNA is then transferred into an organism and causes the expression of modified or novel traits. The general principle of producing a GMO is to introduce new genetic material into an organism's genome to generate new traits.
One example of the use of these techniques in the health field is the development of genetically engineered bacteria containing a human gene that can produce the insulin needed to treat diabetics. Food products derived from genetic engineering are primarily in the plant world. In Canada, 42 genetically modified plants have been approved for human consumption; they include certain varieties of canola, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, soya, flax, cotton and squash. These plants are used in a range of food products; for instance, soya is used in processed products such as chocolate, baby food and cake mixes. Transgenic animals have been produced for research purposes or for manufacturing pharmaceutical products but, for the moment, these have not entered the food chain.
One example of the use of these techniques in the health field is the development of genetically engineered bacteria containing a human gene that can produce the insulin needed to treat diabetics. Food products derived from genetic engineering are primarily in the plant world. In Canada, 42 genetically modified plants have been approved for human consumption; they include certain varieties of canola, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, soya, flax, cotton and squash. These plants are used in a range of food products; for instance, soya is used in processed products such as chocolate, baby food and cake mixes. Transgenic animals have been produced for research purposes or for manufacturing pharmaceutical products but, for the moment, these have not entered the food chain.
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